Christianity and Islam-9th Standard Social Science Notes

History

Chapter - 1

Christianity and Islam

I. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
1. The birth place of Jesus Christ is _______
2. The place of Jesus’ crucification is _______
3. The birth place of Mohammad Paigamber is ______
4. The holy book of Islam is _________
5. The successors of Mohammad Paigambar are known as ___________.
6. __________ was the first Khalif.
7. Islam originated in____________
8. The holy book of Christianity is ______
Answer:- (1) Bethlehem (2) Golgotha (3) Mecca (4) Quran (5) Khalifs. (6) Aboobakar (7) Arabia (8) ‘Bible’
II. Discuss with your friends and write answers to the following Questions.
1. Write a note on the life of Jesus Christ.
Jesus Christ was born into a poor family of Joseph and Mary at Bethlehem village near Jerusalem. He did not get proper education. Despite this he acquired a lot of religious knowledge. At the age of thirty he came under the influence of John Baptist and was baptized by him. He enlightened the people in distress by divine teachings and made them psychologically strong. This made him very popular among the people and he was known as a messiah or the saviour of the people. Gradually people considered him as a godly man. The priestly class of Jews opposed this. They complained against Jesus Christ to the governor of Roman Empire Pontius Pilate, charging him of treason. After the trial he was taken to Golgotha on a Friday and crucified on the cross.
2. List the teachings of Jesus Christ.
Jesus Christ’s preachings are:
1. God is one and he is most merciful. He is the creator of entire creation.
2. Everyone should develop brotherhood feelings about others.
3. Loving the people in distress is equal to worshipping God.
4. One should serve others without expecting anything from them.
5. Serving people is equal to the worship of God.
6. If one repents for his mistakes God will forgive him.
7. Love your enemy. Do well to the people who try to harm you.
3. How did Christianity expand?
After the crucifixion of Christ, his disciples were tortured. Some of them were crucified. During the
time of Emperor Constantine, Christianity was adopted as the State Religion. Subsequently,
Christianity spread throughout Europe. Today, Christian Churches are found throughout the world
and have a large number of followers.
4. Write a note on the life of Mohammad Paigambar.
The founder of Islam Mohammad Paigambar was born in 570 C.E at Mecca His parents were Abdulla and Ameena. He lost his parents during his childhood and was brought up by his uncle. In Mecca he married widow Khadijah. They had two sons and four daughters. He started meditating deeply for long hours on Mount Heera to find remedies for the social and cultural shortcomings of Arab people. After Paigambar achieved enlightment, he was called as the messenger of the God by the people. Soon, his principles became very popular among people. This collection of messages were compiled and published later. This is known as the holy book of ‘Quran’. When Paigambar opposed polytheism strongly, the enraged people of Mecca conspired to murder him. He travelled from Mecca to Madina when he became aware of this in C.E 622. This incident is known as Hijra. The people of Madina welcomed him, and they defeated the people of Mecca. Paigambar came back to Mecca. Finally they also became the followers of the religion propagated by Paigambar Gradually his principles spread all over the Arab region. Paigambar died in C.E 632.
5. What is Hijra?
When Paigambar opposed polytheism strongly, the enraged people of Mecca conspired to murder
him. He travelled from Mecca to Madina when he became aware of this in C.E 622. This incident is
known as Hijra (the departure)
6. What are the teachings of Islam?
The teachings of Islam are-
1. God is one. A simple prayer is enough to win the heart of the God.
2. One should lead an honest and principled life and should keep away from all the bad habits.
3. One should have respect for women and compassion for the poor and weak.
7. Name the five important rituals of Islam. Islam follows five important rituals.
1. Kalima – Belief only in Allah. Mohammad is his prophet.
2. Namaz - Prayer for Allah for five times a day.
3. Roza- Fasting in the month of Ramazan.
4. Zakath- Definite sum to be spared in the income to give to the poor.
5. Haj - Pilgrimage to Mecca once in lifetime.
8. What are the main Contributions of Islam?
After accepting Islam, Arabs have been known for the following contributions.
1. Medicine for Measles and other diseases and books on medicine.
2. New inventions in Science and Mathematics
3. The spread of knowledge built by Medieval Arab and Persia in the field of Geography and
Astronomy to other parts of the world.
4. Islam influenced the art and architecture. The features of Islamic architecture can be seen in the
buildings built in Roman, Byzantine and Persian empires.
9. Name the main sects in Islam.
The most important sects of Islam are Shia and Sunni.
10. Name the main sects in Islam.
Contributions of Christianity
1. Christianity has taught the noble principles of peace and brotherhood to the world.
2. The educational centres established by Churches and missionaries have played a significant role in the growth of education.
3. Christianity has introduced the Gothic style in architecture.
4. Missionaries have extended health services all over the world.
5. Women and weaker sections have been largely benefitted by the education. This has brought
qualitative changes in the society. It is known as empowerment.
11. Name the main sects in Islam.
The most important sects of Christianity are- 1) Catholics 2) Protestants.