Religious Promoters And Social Reformers-9th Standard Social Science Notes

Chapter – 3

Religious Promoters And Social Reformers

i. Fill in the blanks with suitable words :
1. Shankara was born at in Kerala.
2. “The world is an illusion, Brahma alone is the Truth”. This statement was declared by ____
3. Proponent of Dwaita philosophy is_____
4. Ramanujacharya's disciples are called ___________
5. The hoysala king __________ had invited Ramanujacharya to his kingdom.
6. ___________ and his disciples advocated Veerashaiva philosophy
Ans:- (1) Kalati (2) Shankaracharya (3) Madwacharya (4) Shrivaishnavites (5) Vishnuvardhana (6) Basaveshwara
ii. Answer the following questions by discussing with your group :
1. Explain the Adwaitha philosophy.
Adwaitha means Brahma is the absolute truth, the rest of the world is false. The soul is one with Brahma, and life is not separate from Brahma. Ultimately, we should merge our ‘atma’ (soul) with
the absolute truth, Brahma. Only then we can attain moksha (liberation).
2. Which is the philosophy advocated by Ramanujacharya? What is their sect called?
Ramanujacharya advocated ‘Vishistadwaitha’ philosophy. His sect called Shrivaishnavites.
3. Explain the philosophy advocated by Ramanujacharya.
Ramanujacharya’s philosophy is called as ‘Vishistadwaitha’.According to this philosophy Jeeva (life) and Prakruthi (Nature) are under the control of Bramha. Both Atma and Paramathma cannot become one simutaneously. He said that world is the expressed manifestation of Bramha and world is a reality. In order to achive Mukthi (salvtion) Bhakti and Prapathi (complete surrendrance to god) are important.
4. What are the teachings of Madhwacharya?
According to Madhwacharya, the world is not maya or illusion. It is as true as Paramatma or the Divine Soul. Between these, the Divine soul is independent and the rest of the world is illusionary. The Divine soul and the human soul have a Lord and Servant relationship. Lord Vishnu or Narayana
alone is supreme. Worship of Lord Vishnu can elevate the human soul and thus enable it to attain moksha.
5. Write a note on the ‘Work is Worship’ philosophy of Basaveshwara.
Basaveshwara advocated ‘self Reliance and insisted one should earn one’s living’. He also declared no profession in more important or less important. He nurtured the culture of ‘work is workship’ through his physical labour philosophy. By declaring “ Body as the temple”, Basaveshwara tried to implement work is workship philosophy in life. These thinkings are still the guiding lights of the present society.
6. Who established Anubhava Mantapa? What were its objectives?
Basavanna started a Sharana spiritual centre called “Anubhava Mantapa” at Basava kalyana of present Bidar.
Objectives-
1. They wanted to eradicate various socio cultural issues like gender discrimination and caste system.
2. They were inisting that one should remain transparent in his life. His external behaviour and internal thinking should remain clean. This transparent state of life is the ‘ultimate truth’ they declared.
3. Their vachanas reach the common people and created a social movement.
7. Name the books written by Shankaracharya. Shankarabhasya, Anandalahari, Soundaryalahari, Shivanandalahari, Viveka choodamani, Prabudda sudhakara and Dakshinamurthy stotra are some of
shankaracharya’s books. His hymn ‘‘Bhajagovindam’’ is world famous.